Japanese Foundation For Cancer Research

Oral Lichen Planus: Current Evidence, Clinical Challenges, and the Search for Optimal Management

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa with an incompletely understood etiology and a diverse clinical presentation. Because OLP is often refractory and follows a chronic or relapsing course, accurate diagnosis and appropria...

Screening strategies for the early detection of non-cardia gastric cancer in low- to moderate-prevalence regions: Asia-Pacific gastroesophageal cancer congress consensus 2026

Abstract Background Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major global health burden, and early detection is essential for improving patient outcomes. Although GC screening has been widely implemented in East Asian countries with a high disease burden, the optimal screening strategy for...

Risk of metachronous esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with multiple Lugol-voiding lesions: a long-term study

Abstract Multiple Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs) confer a high risk of metachronous multiple esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); however, risk heterogeneity within this high-risk group remains unclear. Precise stratification cou...

Treatment Outcomes for Gastric Cancer With Positive Peritoneal Lavage Cytology or Localized Peritoneal Metastasis

Importance In the era of modern systemic chemotherapy, the optimal treatment strategy for gastric cancer with positive peritoneal lavage cytology (CY1) and/or localized peritoneal metastasis (P1a) remains controversial. Objective To explore the optimal treatment strategy for pati...

Clonal lineage tracing and parallel multiomics profiling reveal transcriptional heterogeneity induced by ARID1A deficiency

Transcriptional heterogeneity drives malignant progression, yet how it emerges within tumors remains unclear. By combining genetic perturbation and lineage tracing with parallel single-cell multiomics, we tracked the consequences of ARID1A loss within individual clonal lineages....

Real-world event-free survival with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy and adjuvant pembrolizumab in early-stage triple-negative and estrogen receptor-low, HER2-negative breast cancer

Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy and adjuvant pembrolizumab has become a standard treatment for patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) based on the KEYNOTE-522 trial; however, real-world data on event-free survival (EFS) remain limited. We aimed...

Lymphovascular invasion and nodal positivity may identify candidates for adjuvant nivolumab in high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To identify patients with high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) who derive greater benefit from adjuvant nivolumab after radical surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included 246 patients with high-risk MIUC who underwen...

Reproducibility of the Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia in Tracheoesophageal Speech and Exploratory Associations with Clinical Communication Measures

Background/Objectives: The Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID) was developed for laryngeal dysphonia. We evaluated task-specific reproducibility in tracheoesophageal (TE) speech and associations with communication measures and surgical/anatomical configuration. Methods: F...

Tarlatamab in small cell lung cancer following platinum-based chemotherapy: subgroup analysis of Japanese patients from the DeLLphi-304 study

Abstract Background In the Phase 3 DeLLphi-304 trial, tarlatamab significantly improved overall survival (OS) over chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy. We report efficacy and safety in the Japanese subpopulation. Methods Pat...

Durable disease control following multidisciplinary treatment including pembrolizumab in POLE-mutated dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma with brain metastases

Rationale: Dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (DEC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer comprising undifferentiated carcinoma and a low-grade endometrioid component. Although POLE -mutated tumors usually show favorable outcomes owing to their ultramutated a...

Long‐Term Stoma‐Free Outcomes After Diverting Stoma Closure Following Radiation‐Based Neoadjuvant Treatment for Rectal Cancer

ABSTRACT Aim Long‐term stoma‐free outcomes after diverting stoma closure in patients who underwent sphincter‐preserving rectal cancer surgery with double‐stapling technique (DST) reconstruction following radiation‐based neoadjuvant treatment remain unclear. We evaluated delayed r...

Inverted urothelial papilloma: Diagnostic challenges, molecular insights, and clinical implications.

mutations, challenging the long-held assumption that these cells are morphologically and genetically normal. Future studies should investigate whether similar genetic alterations in morphologically normal urothelium occur in other urothelial tumors. This could refine understandin...

Prognostic Impact of Circumferential Resection Margin in Minimally Invasive Surgery for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Multicenter Prospective Study

ABSTRACT Aim Circumferential resection margin (CRM) status is a well‐established prognostic factor in rectal cancer surgery; however, its long‐term oncological relevance has not been prospectively validated in Japan, where upfront surgery has long been widely used. This study ass...

De-escalation of perioperative systemic therapy for early breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide, and the number of survivors continues to increase owing to earlier detection and advances in treatment. As long-term survivorship becomes increasingly important, minimizing treatment-related toxicity without compr...

Nivolumab plus ipilimumab-based treatment in Japanese patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and tumor PD-L1 < 1%: a pooled analysis

BACKGROUND: Nivolumab plus ipilimumab-based therapies have shown long-term, durable clinical benefit in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including those with tumor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression < 1%, a population with high unmet need. He...

Plasticity of extrachromosomal DNA segregation during drug adaptation

Uneven segregation during mitosis is a striking feature of extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA). Because ecDNA lacks a centromere, it is thought to segregate stochastically, generating intratumoral heterogeneity in genomic copy number. Drug treatment can readily change ecDNA copy number,...