Istituto Superiore di Sanità

Community-based monitoring of neonatal jaundice using the point-of-care Bilistick® System 2.0

Neonatal jaundice often peaks after discharge, creating the need for reliable post-discharge monitoring. This study evaluated the feasibility and safety of a hospital-to-community pathway using the Bilistick® System 2.0 within routine Community Health Family Services (CHFS). This...

European joint programme HBM4EU - Bridging science and policy: experiences and lessons learned from the key partners in the scientific steering of the initiative

The European Joint Programme HBM4EU was established to address politically relevant questions on chemical risks to public health through a targeted human biomonitoring research programme. Running from 2017 to 2022, it was co-financed by the EU's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovati...

Trace Element Concentrations in Follicular Fluid and Serum and Their Association with Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcomes: Preliminary Evidence

The World Health Organization defines infertility as a disease of the male or female reproductive system characterized by failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are widely used to address infertili...

A dual-duplex RT-dPCR surveillance strategy for discriminating avian and seasonal influenza viruses in wastewater

Abstract The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5Nx) viruses, specifically those of clade 2.3.4.4b, remain a major concern for global animal and public health. The current epidemiological situation in Europe and beyond reveal an alarming increase in spread and occurrence...

Antidepressants and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of exposure windows and cumulative use in nearly two million women

Abstract Background The use of antidepressants is steadily increasing worldwide. This trend has a significant impact on public health and socioeconomic conditions. Although studies have looked for a possible link between antidepressants and breast cancer risk, findings remain unp...

Gut-selective integrin-targeted therapy improves metabolic pathways in the early immune activation mouse model of autism spectrum disorder as revealed by untargeted metabolomics

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex etiology, often associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction and immune dysregulation. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is emerging as a crucial pathway in ASD pathogenesis, mediating the communication betw...

Substance Use during Pregnancy: A Retrospective Multicenter Clinical Report from Four Italian Centers

Background: Rising substance use during pregnancy is a major global health concern associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Despite growing international literature, Italian real-world multicenter data remain limited. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descripti...

When Cancer Research Met Artificial Intelligence: From Machine Learning to Intelligent Oncology

Cancer research and artificial intelligence have developed from distinct scientific traditions, yet their trajectories are increasingly converging. [...]

Autochthonous chikungunya virus outbreak in Verona province, Italy, 2025

Abstract Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, has increasingly caused autochthonous outbreaks in temperate regions, including Italy. In 2025, a local CHIKV outbreak occurred in Verona province, Veneto Region. We report the findings of i...

Overview of the re‐evaluation of trace elements as nutritional feed additives in the European Union : characterization, safety, and efficacy

The re-evaluation of feed additives in the European Union was outlined in the Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003. The primary objectives were to ensure safety and verify efficacy, as well as to update authorizations and phase out unsafe additives or those in which the industry expresse...

Expression of Active Apurinic Apyrimidinic Endodeoxyribonuclease 1 in Human Platelets

ABSTRACT The pivotal role of platelets (PLTs) in hemostasis, thrombosis, innate immunity, and tissue repair is sustained by mitochondria, whose dysfunctions can impair ATP generation and redox signaling, thus affecting optimal levels of PLTs' functionality. Maintenance of mtDNA i...

An N-terminal CDC42 T43I variant reveals the mechanism of pyrin inflammasome activation

Heterozygous carboxyl-terminal variants in the RHO guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) CDC42 are known to cause severe autoinflammatory syndromes. Here, we identified a heterozygous amino-terminal p.T43I (Thr 43 →Ile) CDC42 variant in patients with autoinflammation and uncovered a...