Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

Application of LHC gas recuperation systems for methane emission control in livestock housing

Abstract The CH4rLiE (CH4 Livestock Emission) project presents a dry-gas laboratory proof-of-principle for mitigating methane (CH4) emissions in livestock housing. This work investigates the technical feasibility of capturing CH4 at low concentrations by adapting gas recovery sys...

Rotating Weyssenhoff fluids in linearized Einstein-Cartan theory

The Weyssenhoff fluid expands the ordinary perfect-fluid description of general relativity by taking into account the intrinsic spin of its constituent particles. Within the linearized regime of Einstein-Cartan theory, we investigate the exterior geometry produced by isolated slo...

Sampling Weights at Intermediate Temperatures is Optimal for Training Large Language Protein Models

Using a statistical mechanics framework, we investigate the parameter space of transformer models trained on protein sequence data. We sample the loss landscape at varying temperatures using Langevin dynamics to characterize the low-loss manifold and to understand the mechanisms...

The Infinite Volume Limit of the Hopfield Neural Networks in the Replica-Symmetric Regime

Abstract Despite extensive research over the past five decades, a rigorous determination of the infinite volume limit of the free energy of the Hopfield model with an extensive number of patterns has remained an outstanding open problem as standard methods from spin glass theory...

Machine Learning on Heterogeneous, Edge, and Quantum Hardware for Particle Physics

The next generation of particle physics experiments will face an era of challenges in data acquisition, due to unprecedented data rates and volumes along with extreme environments and operational constraints. Harnessing these data for scientific discovery demands real-time infere...

Agentic AI—Physicist Collaboration in Experimental Particle Physics: A Proof-of-Concept Measurement with LEP Open Data

We present an agentic measurement of the thrust distribution in \(e^+e^-\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=91.2\) GeV using ALEPH archived data. This work was carried out through an AI agent–physicist collaboration, using interactive natural-language prompting of Anthropic Claude and Op...

The Simons Observatory: Development of a Pipeline to Detect Rapid Transients in Time-Ordered Data

We introduce a method for detecting astrophysical transients evolving on timescales of milliseconds to minutes using cosmic microwave background (CMB) survey telescopes. While previous transient searches in CMB data operate in map space, our pipeline directly processes the raw ti...

Radiomics and dosiomics in radionecrosis prediction in brain metastasis treated with Stereotactic Radiation Therapy: a machine learning approach

Introduction Stereotactic Radiotherapy plays a main role in Brain Metastases treatment. Radiomics and Dosiomics, coupled with Machine Learning approaches are emerging in radiation oncology as support in clinical decision-making workflow. In this study a machine learning approach...

Extended Appendix: From X-rays to High-Energy Gamma-rays: A Comprehensive Multi-Wavelength Study of Early Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

This extended abstract provides additional details, figures, tables, and results supporting the analysis presented in the main manuscript titled "From X-rays to High-Energy Gamma-rays: A Comprehensive Multi-Wavelength Study of Early Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows". We present the com...

Current and Future Directions for Responsible Quantum Technologies: A ResQT Community Perspective

Abstract Quantum technologies (QT) are advancing rapidly, promising advancements across a wide spectrum of applications but also raising significant ethical, societal, and geopolitical impacts, including dual-use capabilities, varying levels of access, and impending quantum divid...

An L1 Fuzzy-Fibonacci Spacetime Framework: Lorentz-Invariant Discretization, Spherical Counter-Winding Networks, and Emergent Gauge-Higgs Dynamics

Standard Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and theasymptotic S-matrix formalism are formulatedon a continuous L2 Cartesian spacetime manifold—a mathematical convenience that introducesunmeasurable irrational coordinates andleads to non-convergent, divergent Feynman perturbationseries. T...

An L1 Fuzzy-Fibonacci Spacetime Framework: Lorentz-Invariant Discretization, Spherical Counter-Winding Networks, and Emergent Gauge-Higgs Dynamics

Standard Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and theasymptotic S-matrix formalism are formulatedon a continuous L2 Cartesian spacetime manifold—a mathematical convenience that introducesunmeasurable irrational coordinates andleads to non-convergent, divergent Feynman perturbationseries. T...

Spin Waves without Spin Waves: A Case for Soliton Propagation in Starling Flocks

Collective turns in starling flocks propagate linearly with negligible attenuation, indicating the existence of an underdamped sector in the dispersion relation. According to linear response theory, beside granting linear propagation of the phase perturbations, the real part of t...

Detailed study of non-equilibrium characteristics of quasi-neutral TNSA plasmas

In an experiment performed in November 2022 at the petawatt (PW) laser facility at Vega III located in Salamanca-Spain, we have studied the successful production of several radioisotopes using protons accelerated by the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) mechanism (Rodrigue...