Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele

Initial treatment strategies and outcomes across haemodynamic thresholds and risk stratification in incident systemic sclerosis–associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: a EUSTAR analysis

OBJECTIVE: Real-world initial treatment strategies in SSc-PAH remain incompletely described. We aimed to characterise these strategies across haemodynamic thresholds and risk strata and evaluate outcome associations. METHODS: We analysed treatment-naïve SSc-PAH patients in EUSTAR...

Safety and Efficacy of Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution in Female Patients

Importance Female patients undergoing cardiac surgery have a higher transfusion burden, yet they remain underrepresented in randomized clinical trials. Although the ANH trial showed no significant reduction in the proportion of patients receiving allogeneic blood transfusions wit...

Travel distance to tertiary healthcare reflects disease severity and medication access in Italian systemic sclerosis patients: a geographical study on adult-onset rare diseases from SPRING-SIR registry

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare, multiorgan disease in adults that requires specialized care. Commuting to tertiary medical centers poses a considerable burden and incurs significant costs, potentially affecting management choices. This study aims to describe the healthcare co...

The Therapeutic Potential of Berry-Derived and Berry-Based Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

Introduction: Berry-derived and berry-based interventions have gained increasing attention for their potential health benefits. Berries are rich in diverse bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and anthocyanins, which are associated with a broad range of biological activitie...

Performance evaluation of a preclinical SPECT system and optimization of imaging protocols for 177Lu-labelled radiopharmaceuticals

This study investigates the performance of the γ-CUBE preclinical SPECT scanner to optimize acquisition and reconstruction protocols for theranostic preclinical studies, and to determine the minimum administered activity of a novel 177 Lu-labelled peptide in a mouse cancer model...

Comparative Effectiveness of Tocilizumab and Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Takayasu Arteritis: Age‐Related Differences in Treatment Response

OBJECTIVE: Comparative, prospective data on biologics for Takayasu arteritis (TAK) are limited. We compared tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and tocilizumab (TCZ) in a combined cohort, assessed demographic and cytokine influences, and evaluated longitudinal outcomes. METHO...

Phenotype-based appropriateness of IGM-enriched polyclonal immunoglobulin use in critical illness: report of an expert consensus

Sepsis and septic shock result from a dysregulated host response to infection, encompassing both hyperinflammatory and immunosuppressed phenotypes. Although immunomodulatory adjunctive therapies have been extensively investigated over the past decades, none have demonstrated cons...

Spatial extension of parafoveal processing predicts reading speed gain during reading acceleration

Fast and efficient reading involves not only processing the currently fixated word but also simultaneous processing of the upcoming text. Although the role of extrafoveal processing in natural reading has been extensively documented, its contribution to reading acceleration benef...

High-fat diet promotes T cell–mediated synaptic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

Early glutamatergic synaptopathy contributes to disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS), leading to excitotoxic synaptic damage. Although high-fat diet (HFD)–associated peripheral inflammation has been linked to central nervous system dysfunction, how metabolic and immune...

Effect Modification of Rescue Stenting in ICAS-Related Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: The Role of Thrombectomy Failure, Stenosis Severity, and ASPECTS

Rescue stenting (RS) is increasingly used for intracranial artery stenosis-related large vessel occlusion (ICAS-LVO), but optimal patient selection remains uncertain. We investigated the baseline and procedural factors associated with receiving RS and whether they modified the as...

Spontaneous Regression of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma Lesions: Case Series and Literature Review

PURPOSE: To describe a case series of spontaneous regression of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) lesions documented through multimodal imaging and to contextualize findings with a review of the literature. METHODS: We report five Caucasian patients with biopsy-confirmed VRL. All pati...

The Behavior of the External Limiting Membrane and Ellipsoid Zone in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Population AI-Assisted Optical Coherence Tomography Study

Purpose: To investigate the behavior of the external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) in diabetic macular edema (DME) using artificial intelligence (AI)-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) quantification. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. OCT scans of...

Development of an investigational epigenetic silencer therapy to transcriptionally inactivate viral DNA in chronic hepatitis B

Approved chronic hepatitis B therapies rarely result in functional cure, as they fail to permanently silence all transcriptionally active hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. CRMA-1001 employs an optimized epigenetic silencer that represses viral transcription through targeted deposition...

Immunohistochemical stratification of bladder small cell carcinoma reveals two major phenotypes with distinct therapeutic biomarker profiles

Aims Small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SmCCB) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that remains poorly defined. Using the transcriptional taxonomy established for small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), we aimed to stratify SmCCB by dominant transcription factors and assess associati...

Machine learning integrated explainable artificial intelligence in predicting toxicities of enfortumab vedotin in urothelial carcinoma: an exploratory study

Background Enfortumab vedotin (EV) therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma is limited by adverse events (AEs). Early identification of high-risk patients is needed. This proof-of-concept study evaluated whether machine learning (ML) with explainable AI (SHAP) could predict EV t...

Prognostic Role of Adverse Events in a Worldwide Population of Patients with Biliary Tract Cancer Treated with Chemo-Immunotherapy

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options. The addition of durvalumab or pembrolizumab to cisplatin–gemcitabine improves overall survival (OS), but validated biomarkers of benefit remain limited. Immune-mediated adverse ev...

Microbial adhesion promotes Piezo1 activation to initiate innate immunity

Abstract How mammals mount an effective immune response against infectious agents remains unresolved. Here we identify microbial adhesion to myeloid cells as a critical initiating event that precedes pattern recognition receptor (PRR) engagement. Using a skin infection model with...

KDM6A loss enhances oxidative phosphorylation uncovering tissue-level convergent evolution

Abstract The tumor suppressor KDM6A / UTX , a histone demethylase and a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, is frequently lost in many cancer types. We show that KDM6A loss pervasively activates oxidative phosphorylation in several solid tumors, generating a pseudo-hyperoxic en...

Aflibercept 8 mg for diabetic macular edema and neovascular age-related macular degeneration: an italian expert consensus paper

To provide consensus recommendations on the clinical use of aflibercept 8 mg in managing neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) in the real-world setting. A modified Delphi study was undertaken, involving ophthalmologists from special...

Salivary hormones and adipokines are associated with glycemic control and early renal and cardiometabolic markers in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes

Abstract Purpose Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is recognized as a complex metabolic condition associated with hormonal dysregulation and early complications. This study aimed to evaluate salivary metabolic hormones and adipokines in children and young adults with T1D, and to assess their...