Islamic Azad University Shirvan Branch

Vibration-based non-destructive evaluation of dual cracks in bidirectionally functionally graded nanobeams: a nonlocal elasticity–metaheuristic optimisation framework for structural health monitoring

Cracks in functionally graded nanobeams used in MEMS/NEMS devices can significantly reduce stiffness and reliability, and identifying multiple cracks at the nanoscale is challenging because nonlocal effects and bidirectional material gradation must be accounted for. To address th...