Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch

High-performance brain tumor classification via transfer learning with fully fine-tuned and modified CNN architectures

Accurate and timely brain tumor diagnosis remains challenging due to the limitations of manual MRI interpretation. This study introduces a transfer learning framework using six fully fine–tuned and modified CNN architectures DenseNet169, InceptionV3, Xception, ResNet50, Inception...

Paraprobiotics suppress bacterial virulence and promote anti-inflammatory tissue repair in a murine infected burn wound model

Abstract Burn wound infections are a significant clinical problem that requires effective therapeutic interventions. Paraprobiotics, a non-viable form of microbial cells or components of probiotics, retain some health benefits while eliminating the risks associated with live micr...

Targeting ferroptosis in cancer: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death characterized by the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides, has emerged as a pivotal pathway in cancer biology and a promising therapeutic target. This review synthesizes the core molecular machinery governing ferroptos...

Foliar iron and zinc applications mitigate salinity stress in Althaea officinalis L.: Effects on yield, antioxidant responses, and mineral composition

Abstract Foliar application of micronutrients may help alleviate the adverse effects of salinity on crop plants. This study evaluated the effects of foliar‐applied iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) on Althaea officinalis L. grown under saline conditions. A factorial experiment was conducte...

Optimizing alginate-based delivery systems to enhance adipose-derived stem cell functionality in regenerative medicine: a comprehensive review

This review explores the potential of alginate-based delivery systems for adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in regenerative medicine, with a focus on recent strategies that enhance ASC survival, functionality, and therapeutic efficacy. A structured literature analysis was perform...

Improving the security of web services by automatic robot detection

Abstract Web robots account for over half of all web traffic and typically monitor resources uniformly, unlike humans, who tend to focus on specific topics. This research examines the impact of a machine learning algorithm, known as Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), on identif...

Prevalence of vancomycin- and aminoglycoside-resistant pathogenic enterococci in municipal wastewater: A study in northwest Iran

ABSTRACT The extensive use of antimicrobials has contributed to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms in municipal wastewater. The prevalence, resistance patterns, and virulence factors of Enterococcus species were studied in 25 untreated municipal wastewater...

Psychological risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury in sexually traumatized adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis with random forest classification

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant mental health issue among adolescents, especially those with histories of sexual trauma. This study examined the individual and synergistic roles of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depression, anxiety, and sleep quality in pr...

How AI anxiety and confidence shape student engagement in higher education

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education offers opportunities for personalized learning and academic support but may also evoke anxiety, technostress, uncertainty, and concerns about competence, integrity, and future professional roles. This nar...

Physical exercise as a therapeutic strategy in animal models of Alzheimer's disease: Molecular, behavioral, and histopathological evidence

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, imposing a substantial economic burden. As the population ages and cases rise, interest in early identification, prevention, and treatment has intensified. After establishing that patholog...

Chitosan nanoparticles enhance physiological and biochemical responses of maize under salinity stress

In recent years, it has been discovered that chitosan nanoparticles )CSNPs(, as messengers and elicitors, play a fundamental role in growth and development processes, improving plants’ adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Salt stress poses a serious threat to plants, s...

The Versatility of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Review and Structured Survey of Architectures, Applications, Challenges, and Future Trajectories

Abstract Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a transformative technology in artificial intelligence, significantly advancing natural language understanding, generation, and reasoning capabilities. This survey reviews the evolution of language models from early statistica...

Hybrid machine learning models with particle swarm optimization based tuning for solitary wave runup prediction on sloping beaches

Accurate prediction of maximum wave runup, R, is central to coastal flooding assessment, freeboard specification, and risk-informed design. However, compact solitary-wave runup relations may exhibit slope-dependent bias when applied beyond their calibration envelope. This study p...

High-accuracy UAV photogrammetry and GIS integration for 3D cadastral data generation

Abstract This study presents a UAV photogrammetry and GIS-based workflow for generating high-accuracy three-dimensional cadastral models in urban environments. The proposed framework integrates RTK-enabled UAV image acquisition, ground control point (GCP) surveying, photogrammetr...