Iowa State University

Scattering amplitudes and resonant processes in QED with chiral chemical potential and chiral magnetic conductivity

A bstract The QED scattering amplitude in a chiral medium characterized by a constant chiral chemical potential μ 5 and chiral magnetic conductivity b 0 is analyzed. We show the emergence of the resonant behavior in 1 → 2, 2 → 2, and 2 → 3 processes. We compute the rates of parad...

A stress‐balance‐based critical Weber number for droplets and bubbles

Abstract Predicting droplet and bubble breakup in turbulent flows is critical for optimizing multiphase flow processes such as emulsification and atomization. Traditional models based on a fixed critical Weber number () may not capture interfacial‐stress dominance in low‐viscosit...

Distributed Delay Stabilizes Bistable Genetic Networks

Delay is an inherent feature of genetic regulatory networks. It represents the time required for the assembly of functional regulator proteins. The protein production process is complex, as it includes transcription, translocation, translation, folding, and oligomerization. Becau...

What Is the Best Word to Describe AI Uncertainty: Confidence, Certainty, Reliability, or Accuracy?

AI systems are increasingly common in decision-making tasks. However, these systems often generate probabilistic responses, resulting in uncertainty in their outputs. Understanding this uncertainty can help users make robust decisions, such as when to trust the agent and whether...

A multivalent mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine containing eight hemagglutinin antigens elicited broad neutralizing antibody responses and protected against influenza A virus challenge in swine

The diversity within H1 and H3 subtype influenza A viruses (IAVs) in swine prevents effective vaccine control approaches with inactivated whole-virus vaccines. We addressed the challenge of controlling co-circulating hemagglutinin (HA) clades of swine IAV with the development of...

Gram-Positive Bacteria Responses to Antibiotics When Incubated in Fecal in Vitro Microcosms from Swine Supplemented with Chlorophyllin

Standardized antimicrobial susceptibility assays use defined culture media and may therefore not fully account for gastrointestinal constituents that influence bacterial responses to antibiotics. This study evaluated whether swine fecal extracts, including extracts associated wit...

Researcher-Driven Insights for Human-Agent Teaming Testbeds

Human-Agent Teaming (HAT) is becoming increasingly important as AI systems take on collaborative roles. However, HAT research depends on experimental testbeds to study human-agent teams. This research builds on prior work that cataloged existing HAT testbeds by identifying and ch...

Flow‐Critical Graphs

ABSTRACT Lovász et al. proved that every six‐edge‐connected graph has a nowhere‐zero three‐flow. In fact, they proved a more technical statement, which says that there exists a nowhere‐zero three‐flow that extends the flow prescribed on the incident edges of a single vertex with...

Maternal Sedentary Behavior and Breast Milk Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA Across Pregnancy: A Pilot Study

Background/Objectives: Human breast milk (HM) is the gold-standard nutritional source for infants, delivering not only macro- and micronutrients but also bioactive components, including extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched with microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate immune, metabolic,...

Soil-plant-animal properties and microbial reassembly distinguish cattle oral disease prevalence across converted Amazon pasture systems

Forest-to-pasture conversion can alter soil properties, forage composition, and microbial communities, but whether these changes are associated with bovine periodontitis remains unclear. We compared eight pasture systems in the Western Brazilian Amazon classified by high or low h...

The Role of Comorbidities in Pyoderma Among Canine and Feline Diabetic Patients

ABSTRACT Background Pyoderma is considered a secondary complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), yet the relationship remains unclear. One study found 22% of diabetic dogs with dermatopathy had no other comorbidities while cats have not been evaluated. Objectives This study evaluat...

Collective Effect of Color-Centers on Chiroptical Response of Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract The incorporation of color centers into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offers a promising strategy to modulate their optical activity, particularly by tuning emission energies and enhancing photoluminescence efficiency. Here, our computational study aims to investigate the effe...

Diverse Stability and Independent Trafficking of XyG-Synthesizing Glycosyltransferases in Distinct Golgi cisternae.

Xyloglucan (XyGs), a plant-derived polysaccharide, supports gut health, is widely used as a food additive with stabilizing and gelling properties, and is increasingly being explored for drug delivery applications. XyG-synthesizing glycosyltransferases (GTs) are localized to Golgi...

Metagenome shotgun sequencing allows insights into the functional potential of the vaginal microbiome associated with pelvic organ prolapse in sows

Abstract Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a leading cause for sow mortality in the United States. Recent work has evaluated biological factors associated with POP, and differences have been observed within the vaginal microbiota of sows at high risk using 16S rRNA gene amplicon seq...

Addendum: Magnetic field screening in hydrogen-rich high-temperature superconductors

In our paper 1 , we studied the magnetic response of H 3 S and LaH 10 superconductors to an applied magnetic field using Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometry. Prof. Hirsch, in his Matters Arising entitled “On the Author Correction to “Magnetic field sc...

Pulmonary Proteomic Responses to Subacute 2,2′,5,5′-Tetrachlorobiphenyl-4-ol Exposure via a Subcutaneous Implant in Adolescent Female Rats

Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are biologically active metabolites that may contribute to adverse respiratory outcomes, yet their effects on the developing lung remain poorly characterized. This study investigated the impact of 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4-ol...

Seed treatment of dent and sweet corn with alginate nanoemulsions of lemongrass essential oil against Fusarium graminearum and Pythium sylvaticum

Seed treatments are widely used to protect seeds from pathogens during germination and early seedling development. Although essential oil-based nanoemulsions have been investigated under in vitro conditions, their performance as seed treatments and their effects on seed physiolog...

Programming Host–Guest Interactions in Covalent Organic Frameworks with Arylazopyrazole Photoswitches

Abstract Programming host–guest interactions in porous crystalline materials using external stimuli offers a promising strategy for adaptive molecular separations but remains challenging because adsorption is often governed by pore structure rather than tunable molecular interact...

Evaluation of Antiviral Drugs’ Central Nervous System Distribution Using In Vitro Blood–Brain and Blood-CSF Barrier Models: The Impact of Serum Protein Concentration

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) are dynamic neurovascular interfaces that maintain central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis by tightly regulating paracellular and transcellular molecular transport. Intercellular communication between ad...

Southern Portugal hydroclimate of the last millennium from near‐annually resolved speleothem records

ABSTRACT Hydroclimate in Portugal is influenced by the North Atlantic subtropical high‐pressure system (the Azores High) and by internal climate modes, most prominently the North Atlantic Oscillation, which may shift in position and/or intensity due to anthropogenic climate chang...