International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis

Land use and climate warming interact to reshape global avian biodiversity through ecological filtering and homogenisation

Land-use and climate change are dominant drivers of terrestrial biodiversity change, yet are usually analysed separately although they co-occur and may interact. We integrated global bird assemblage records from PREDICTS with temperature anomalies and species' ecological characte...

Mapping climate change adaptation policy instruments in European agriculture: a qualitative analysis of National Adaptation Strategy and National Adaptation Plan

Abstract Climate change poses an increasing threat to agricultural production and food security. While many European countries have developed National Adaptation Strategies (NASs) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), the alignment between proposed policies and their supporting m...

The Impact of the EU Common Agricultural Policy on Regional Agricultural Productivity

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the relationship between EU agricultural subsidies and labor productivity growth in agriculture, using data from 1007 NUTS‐3 regions over the period 2007–2020. The fine spatial resolution improves comparability across regions and allows a more det...

Natural methane emissions feedbacks in MAGICC v. 7.6

Literature estimates of natural methane emissions, particularly from wetlands, have a wide range of uncertainty. Meanwhile, few Earth System Models (ESMs) explicitly model wetlands as a potential source of methane. As a result, Simple Climate Models that aim to emulate the behavi...

Sustainability assessment of China's nitrogen-phosphorus cycling system under future carbon neutrality transition scenarios

Achieving sustainable management of the nitrogen–phosphorus (N–P) cycling system is essential for advancing multiple United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, yet its long-term sustainability under carbon neutrality transition pathways remains insufficiently understood. This...

Ethics in natural language processing: a systematic meta-analysis

Abstract This study investigates the ethical considerations of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies, which are increasingly utilized in decision-making, content moderation, and creative fields. While significant research examines ethical issues in specific NLP applicati...

Road-Closure Stress Testing of Essential-Service Accessibility in Yemen

Abstract Road disruption can change access to basic services even when the services themselves remain in place. This study develops a national network stress test for Yemen using OpenStreetMap road extract and WorldPop constrained population surface. Demand is represented by 8,46...

Is natural always greener? Evaluating the environmental performance of lab-scale biopolymer adsorbents

Bio-based materials are widely assumed to provide sustainable alternatives to conventional synthetic technologies. However, whether this assumption holds when evaluated across production and processing pathways remains largely untested. Here, we present a systematic assessment of...

Manure to insect farming for feed mitigates nitrogen and greenhouse gas emissions

Livestock manure is nutrient-rich and represents a promising feedstock for insect farming, with insect protein offering a high-quality alternative to conventional crop-based livestock feed. This pathway has substantial potential to mitigate nitrogen (N) and greenhouse gas (GHG) e...

Invited perspectives: Towards usable compound event research

Abstract. Supporting stakeholders with science-based decision-making to mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts is a central mandate of the climate research community. In particular, mapping out scenario-dependent climate risk landscapes is one of the most pressing challenge...

Global water-risk signals and public search interest: a country-year analysis of NASA POWER hydroclimate indices and google trends, 2004–2025

Abstract Public attention to water-related hazards is shaped by the interaction of physical conditions, lived experience, media coverage, institutional communication, and access to digital information. This study examines how hydroclimatic anomalies correspond with public informa...

GHG reduction potential of biomass gasification pathways: An Austrian life cycle emission analysis

Dual fluidized-bed gasification of biomass is one way to defossilize the Austrian energy system. Although this technology is yet to be implemented on an industrial scale, it shows potential in terms of e.g. feedstock flexibility and product range. The present study assesses the s...

Sea Level Emulator Intercomparison Project (SLEIP) Phase 1: Assessing emulated multi-century global mean sea level projections

Abstract. Simplified sea level modelling approaches calibrated against reference data, also referred to as sea level emulators, can explore future sea level rise and associated uncertainties with low computational cost. Here, we introduce the Sea Level Emulator Intercomparison Pr...

From frameworks to futures: health adaptation pathways across the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

Abstract Effectively managing the rising health risks of climate change requires consideration of plausible adaptation pathways under a range of scenarios of changes in greenhouse gas emissions and socioeconomic development to systematically explore the solution space for climate...

Efficient nitrogen management as a win-win strategy for air quality, health, and climate

Reactive nitrogen (Nr) management links climate policy, air quality and food production, yet its combined impacts remain poorly quantified. Here, we conduct ensemble simulations with two global climate models, Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) and Community Earth System...

Quantifying the role of nitrogen in achieving global Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract Achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires balancing well-being with environmental protection, yet the role of nitrogen across these goals remains poorly understood. Here, we show how dietary nitrogen intake and nitrogen release to air and water are...

Global trade-offs between consumption, carbon prices and equity

As the remaining carbon budget continues to dwindle, economic growth strains efforts to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. Reducing unnecessary production and consumption in high-income regions and among the wealthy, and organising production more around human needs and human well-b...

Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project phase 3: experimental protocol for coordinated constraining and evaluation of reduced-complexity models

Abstract. Reduced-Complexity Models (RCMs) are a critical tool for synthesising climate science knowledge and providing climate projections for a wide range of emissions scenarios. The Reduced-Complexity Model Intercomparison Project (RCMIP) provides a framework for the coordinat...

Region-specific infosheets on protected area expansion priorities

Infosheets for protected area expansionThis repository contains 2-page infosheets summarizing some of the key findings from the NaturaConnect pan-European prioritization work. There we identify the opportunities and benefits of expansions of strict and conventional protection. Th...