Institute of Geography Named after Academician Hasan Aliyev

Determinants of CO2 Emissions in Azerbaijan’s Manufacturing and Construction Sectors: The Roles of Energy Intensity, Output, and Investment (ARDL–ECM with Structural Breaks)

This study investigates the determinants of CO2 emissions in Azerbaijan’s manufacturing and construction sector (MC), focusing on the roles of energy intensity, output scale, and investment. Using annual time-series data for the period 2007–2023, we apply the ARDL-ECM model, whic...