Institut Supérieur de Statistique de Lubumbashi

Optimization of leaching efficiency and anomaly detection in a copper–cobalt hydrometallurgical plant using random forest, gradient boosting, and k-nearest neighbors

Hydrometallurgical extraction of copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) from oxide ores represents a critical industrial process in the Central African Copperbelt, yet operational variability consistently undermines recovery targets. This study presents a comprehensive data-driven analysis...