Hospital del Niño

How to Train Your Chatbot: Information‐Theoretic Foundations of Diagnostic Questioning in Inborn Errors of Immunity

BACKGROUND: Navigating the more than 550 inborn errors of immunity (IEI) requires efficient diagnostic reasoning. Information theory suggests questions should be prioritized by their capacity to reduce diagnostic uncertainty (entropy); yet whether experts or large language models...

Sex differences in epidemiology and clinical presentation of glomerular diseases in a nationwide Spanish biopsy registry

Sex differences influence the epidemiology and clinical expression of kidney diseases. Most primary glomerulonephritis shows male predominance, whereas lupus nephritis remains strongly female-biased. Large national cohorts with sex-stratified analyses are limited. We analysed all...