Hong Kong Observatory

Reproducing urban wind field during the typhoon period via multi-source data assimilation in WRF-3DVAR

This study employs a Weather Research and Forecasting model with 3-dimensional variational data assimilation (WRF-3DVAR) to integrate multi-source meteorological data from satellites, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and surface weather stations, introducing multi-scale obser...

Advancing boundary-layer physics via Doppler wind LiDAR dynamic-thermodynamic profiling

Simultaneous, high-resolution measurements of boundary-layer dynamics and thermodynamics remain a longstanding observational challenge. We present a Doppler wind LiDAR–based retrieval that derives virtual potential temperature from TKE-budget buoyancy residuals, enabling concurre...