Hong Kong Observatory

A new data-driven model for rapid urban low-level wind field simulation using conditional generative adversarial networks

Rapid and accurate representation of urban low-altitude wind fields is essential for understanding urban wind environments, assessing ventilation performance, and supporting emerging low-altitude aviation applications. Conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides reli...

Wind shear severity regimes and multi-step forecasting at Hong Kong International Airport: evidence from the central runway 07C/25C

Wind shear is a critical meteorological hazard in aviation, especially during takeoff and landing, where rapid changes in wind speed and direction can affect lift and airspeed, compromise aircraft performance, and threaten safety. Existing studies predominantly focus on single-ho...

Reproducing urban wind field during the typhoon period via multi-source data assimilation in WRF-3DVAR

This study employs a Weather Research and Forecasting model with 3-dimensional variational data assimilation (WRF-3DVAR) to integrate multi-source meteorological data from satellites, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and surface weather stations, introducing multi-scale obser...

Advancing boundary-layer physics via Doppler wind LiDAR dynamic-thermodynamic profiling

Simultaneous, high-resolution measurements of boundary-layer dynamics and thermodynamics remain a longstanding observational challenge. We present a Doppler wind LiDAR–based retrieval that derives virtual potential temperature from TKE-budget buoyancy residuals, enabling concurre...