Health Services Academy

Distribution of Rangelands and Freshwater Resources (Lentic & Lotic) in Khaplu, Ghanche, Gilgit‐Baltistan, Pakistan: A Baseline Study for Sustainable Management and Restoration of Natural Resources

ABSTRACT The natural resources of Gilgit‐Baltistan (GB), including rangelands and freshwater ecosystems, are facing unprecedented degradation due to climatic and anthropogenic pressures. However, baseline data for these critical resources in the understudied Khaplu Division remai...

Real-world safety and effectiveness of empagliflozin (Diampa®) alone or in combination with metformin (Diampa-M®) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan: a multicenter observational study

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health challenge in Pakistan, where poor glycemic control is common. Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, such as empagliflozin, have shown glycemic, cardiovascular, and renal benefits in contr...

Association between minimum dietary diversity and growth among children aged 6–23 months in Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach

Minimum dietary diversity (MDD) is an important indicator of complementary feeding quality and has been associated with child nutritional status. This study examines the association between adequate MDD and growth outcomes among children aged 6–23 months in Pakistan using a poole...

From fragmentation to integration: rethinking nutrition education in undergraduate medical curriculum in Pakistan through a mixed-methods study

Nutrition plays a central role in the prevention and management of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases, yet its integration within undergraduate medical education remains inconsistent. This study aimed to assess the current status of nutrition education in MBBS program...