Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

One count, three processes: Rethinking administrative stability in Korea's fuel-cell and renewable licensing pipeline

Administrative amendment counts conflate recurrent filings, schedule revisions, and changes in project ownership or specification. This article develops a Frequency-Magnitude-Type framework for interpreting incomplete development records and identifying the additional information...

Interoperable Modular Language Models I: From Decomposition to Interchangeability

> Large language models are usually trained, distributed, and consumed as monolithic systems even though their internal computations are structurally modular. This paper asks a stronger question than model splitting, routing, merging, or adapter composition: can internal language...

Uncertainty-driven connectedness in global gold-mining equities: A Time–Frequency and quantile approach

This study examines how connectedness among global gold-mining equities varies across market regimes, investment horizons, and return states, and whether gold-specific uncertainty adds information beyond gold prices and broad market volatility. The sample comprises eleven gold-mi...

Affective Polarization and Mental Health: The Case of South Korea

CONTEXT: Existing studies find the effects of individual health on political outcomes, but relatively little attention has been paid to the opposite direction--that is, the effects of politics on health particularly in an era of affective polarization. While prior studies have ex...

A report of 34 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea, belonging to the Actinobacteria

Ko, Kwan Su, Cha, Chang-Jun, Im, Wan-Taek, Kim, Seung-Bum, Seong, Chi-Nam, Bae, Jin-Woo, Jahng, Kwangyeop, Cho, Jang-Cheon, Joh, Ki-seong, Lee, Soon Dong (2017): A report of 34 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea, belonging to the Actinobacteria. Journal of Species Research 6 (...

Corruption and leaders’ age

Abstract While existing literature has studied the political consequences of corruption, surprisingly little is known about how corruption is associated with voters’ preferences for particular leader characteristics. Using both micro- and macro-level cross-national data, this stu...

Korea’s AI Innovation Ecosystem: Policy Evolution, Structural Constraints, and Strategic Implication on the Labour Market

This study examines Korea’s artificial intelligence (AI) policy and current status using the AI Innovation Ecosystem (AIIE) framework. In the proposed AIIE, AI is being developed and utilised through the interactions among various actors with infrastructure, markets, and global l...

Diagnosing Estimator Homomorphism Compatibility in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) evaluates decoded outcomes, whereas policy-gradient estimators operate on concrete trajectories and batch-dependent training state. These two levels need not respect the same equivalence relation. We formalize estimator homomo...

Diagnosing Estimator Homomorphism Compatibility in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) evaluates decoded outcomes, whereas policy-gradient estimators operate on concrete trajectories and batch-dependent training state. These two levels need not respect the same equivalence relation. We formalize estimator homomo...

TriageRAG: Confidence-Based Triage for Idea-Stage §103-Propensity Screening

Screening for §103 propensity at the idea stage is inherently difficult: obviousness is a context-sensitive legal determination over prior art combinations that surface-level text cannot fully capture. Yet because §103 concerns the inventive step of the underlying idea rather tha...

A report of 35 unrecorded bacterial species belonging to the classes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in Korea

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Jung, Hye Su, Yoon, Jung-Hoon, Joh, Kiseong, Seong, Chi-Nam, Kim, Won-Yong, Im, Wan-Taek, Kim, Myung-Kyum, Cha, Chang-Jun, Kim, Seung-Bum, Jeon, Che-Ok (2021): A report of 35 unrecorded...

Simulations on Scintillator Thicknesses for Bone Mineral Density Measurement Based on Dual-Layer Flat-Panel Detectors

Background/Objectives: A dual-layer flat-panel detector (DFD), in which two flat-panel detectors are stacked vertically, enables single-shot dual-energy imaging without a fan-beam scanning and switching mechanism in conventional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the clinica...

Quantitative Analysis of Automatically Segmented Perivascular Space in Subcortical White Matter of Parkinson’s Disease: Its Clinical Relevance

Objective: To examine the relationship between automatically quantified perivascular space (PVS) extent located in the subcortical white matter (WM), baseline motor deficits and cognitive function, as well as longitudinal motor and cognitive outcomes in patients with Parkinson's...

The vertical logic of party competition in federal systems

Party competition impedes local service delivery when parties collude. This article argues that the type of competition matters more than its mere intensity. Vertical competition – between national and regional parties – constrains collusion and improves service delivery, whereas...

Fertility incentives in Canada: Period and cohort perspectives

Abstract We study the fertility effects of the 1997 Quebec Family Policy using two complementary approaches: (i) a period‐based repeated cross‐sectional analysis that examines the impact on period fertility (i.e., fertility rates in a given calendar year, such as births per 1,000...