German Sport University Cologne

Acute effects of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test (STST) on immune-metabolic stress indices

Abstract Characterizing the non-pathological, exercise-induced immune-metabolic stress regulation is important for understanding physiological adaptations and distinguishing them from maladaptive responses. Because such responses are mostly studied with extensive, resource-intens...

Same formation, different styles: An exploratory study of clustering playing style of teams in 4-3-3 formation in elite soccer

This study examined whether teams using identical formations display similar playing styles by integrating Phase of Play (PoP) indicators with clustering and explainable machine learning. Ninety-three observations from teams employing a 4-3-3 formation in the FIFA World Cup 2022...