General Directorate of Highways

Energy-Based Seismic Damage Assessment of Tunnels during the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Sequence in Turkey

Abstract The February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence (M7.7, M6.6, and M7.6) produced unprecedented ground-motion energy levels and caused extensive damage to both surface and subsurface infrastructure across southern Turkey. This study conducts a comprehensive, energy...