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An Expert-Informed, Four-Stage Algorithm for Early Recognition and Treatment of Cutaneous Vascular Occlusion After Hyaluronic Acid Filler

Abstract Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are among the most widely used injectables for facial rejuvenation due to their reversibility with hyaluronidase and ease of use. However, despite their favorable safety profile, the risk of vascular occlusion remains. Early recognition and t...