Fredric Rieders Family Foundation

Medetomidine as a Fentanyl Adulterant: Pharmacology, Detection, Clinical Presentation, and Management

Abstract Purpose of Review Medetomidine is a veterinary α2-adrenergic agonist that has been an adulterant of illicitly manufactured opioids since 2022. We review its pharmacology, detection, intoxication, withdrawal, and management, and assess why severe withdrawal has emerged in...