Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam

Population Ageing, Public Health Expenditure and the Primary Fiscal Balance: Evidence from a Heterogeneous Global Panel, 1990–2024

Evidence on the fiscal consequences of population ageing rests largely on projections and regional panels. We examine how ageing relates to growth and the primary fiscal balance across sixty-nine economies from 1990 to 2024. Because cross-sectional dependence is pervasive and slo...

Scaling Regenerative Supply Chains in Agriculture: An Integrated Framework of Digital MRV, Transition Finance and Socioecological Resilience

ABSTRACT Regenerative agricultural supply chains (RSCs) generate substantial ecological value through improved soil health, biodiversity and climate resilience, yet this value remains largely excluded from financial valuation. This structural disconnect, termed the bankability ga...