Council for Scientific and Industrial Research

An Enhanced Rule-Based Energy Management System with Integrated Route and Environmental Information for Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Electric Vehicles

In this paper, a route- and environment-aware rule-based energy management system (EMS) strategy for EVs equipped with HESSs consisting of a lithium-ion battery and a supercapacitor is proposed. The proposed rule-based EMS integrates driving mode classification, traffic condition...