College of Europe

The Circular vs. Extraction Dilemma: Impacts of EU Critical Raw Materials Strategy on Poverty and Income Inequality – Evidence from Nickel in Finland, Greece, Poland, and Spain

Abstract The European Union (EU) stresses the importance of open strategic autonomy, when it comes to sourcing of critical raw materials, which are essential for green transition. At the same time, the EU highlights that no one should be left behind, fostering just transition. Co...