Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences

Integrated Multi-Row Onion Production Under Contrasting Seasonal Conditions: Seeder Optimization, Nutrient Management, Crop Protection, and EIQ-Adjusted Sustainability

Reliable establishment of direct-seeded onion requires coordinated control of sowing geometry, nutrient supply, crop protection, and resource use. This study combined Hartley-4 optimization of a four-section, multi-row ridge seeder with a two-year randomized complete block experi...