China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group

Plasma Characteristics in Underwater Laser Welding via In Situ Observation and Optical Emission Spectroscopy

During underwater laser welding, the coupling among water cooling, gas–liquid interface disturbances, and metal-vapor recoil pressure means that the relationships among plasma evolution, the thermal state of the keyhole, and spatter behavior remain insufficiently understood. In t...

Performance and Microstructural Characteristics of Cement-Based Grouting Materials Modified with Fly Ash and Corrosion-Control Admixtures

Grouting materials used in water-rich and chloride-exposed environments require adequate workability, mechanical performance, and durability. To optimize the formulation, a series of orthogonal tests was conducted to assess how fly ash (10–30%), rust inhibitor (1–3%), and anti-co...

Phase Evolution and Diffusion Behavior of PM-HIP-Processed Ni-Mo Bimetallic Cladding

Ni–Mo alloy claddings were fabricated on low-carbon steel substrates using powder metallurgy combined with hot isostatic pressing (PM-HIP). The interfacial microstructure, elemental interdiffusion, phase composition and microhardness distribution of the bimetallic composite were...