Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa

Unilateral Scrotal Darkening as an Unusual Neonatal Finding: A Case Report

Neonatal testicular torsion (NTT) is a rare condition that carries a substantial risk of ischemia, necrosis, and subsequent testicular loss.When the event occurs before birth, it is classified as prenatal torsion, a typically non-acute entity with an incompletely understood patho...

Proenkephalin/penKid in renal dysfunction: An integrative review of laboratory and clinical evidence

Proenkephalin A 119–159 (PENK/penKid) is a circulating peptide increasingly investigated as a functional biomarker of glomerular filtration and acute kidney dysfunction. This integrative review critically examines diagnostic, prognostic, analytical, and implementation evidence re...