Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST)

Influence of the Pore Structure on the Activity and Stability of Non-precious Metal Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Abstract The activity/performance of non-precious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells is critically dependent on the pore structure of the catalyst layer, but a systematic understanding of how micropores and mesopores affect activity and stabilit...

Validation of EarthCARE CPR reflectivity using the ACTRIS cloud radar network

The Earth Cloud, Aerosol, and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) satellite carries a cloud profiling radar (CPR) designed to observe global cloud properties. In this study, we assess the calibration of CPR reflectivity profiles by comparing them with seven calibrated ground-based clo...

Monitoring and assessment of elasmobranch bycatches in artisanal maritime fishing in southern Gabon, Central Africa

Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are particularly vulnerable to fishing pressure owing to their life-history traits, making them a major conservation concern in coastal ecosystems. To assess the composition and temporal dynamics of elasmobranch captures in southern Gabon, this stu...

When public choices collide: territorial mesoeconomics and uneven development in Haiti and the French Caribbean

This article argues that international political economy (IPE) needs a stronger meso-territorial lens to explain why formally different policy regimes generate comparable patterns of uneven development. It develops territorial mesoeconomics and introduces public-choice incompatib...

Evidence for the impact of fire activity on daily variations of IASI mid-tropospheric CO 2 anomalies at 8–11 km over South America: a pyroconvective fingerprint

Biomass burning is a major, highly variable source of atmospheric CO 2 , but its impact on the free troposphere remains difficult to quantify because of uncertainties in injection heights and transport. In the tropics, intense fires can trigger pyroconvective plumes that loft com...

Climatology and trends of extreme precipitation in France: evaluation of an explicit-convection regional climate model

Climate change is intensifying the global water cycle, with extreme precipitation events increasing in frequency and intensity at the global scale. While trends in daily precipitation extremes are well-documented, sub-daily extremes – critical for flash flood risk – remain poorly...

Ubiquity and seasonality of deep submesoscales in the Southern Ocean revealed by elephant seals

Abstract Ocean submesoscale fronts with a size of 1–20 km have been extensively documented within the surface mixed layer, but little is known about their existence below it. We analyze a record of 133 598 dives performed by instrumented Southern Elephant Seals from 2014 to 2020...

The Balbi operational model, a simplified physical model for surface fires spread. Part II – model parameterisation and evaluation

Background The ‘Balbi model’ is a simplified physical model for surface fires which provides the main physical characteristics of a fire front and its rate of spread (ROS) as a function of general environmental conditions. In the first part of this work, we describe a simplificat...

The Balbi operational model, a simplified physical model for surface fires. Part I – modelling

Background Previously published versions of the ‘Balbi model’ describing surface fire propagation consist of a set of equations based on simplified conservation laws. Their main equation calculating the fire rate of spread (ROS) relied on an iterative process to account for the e...

Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorems in higher algebra

We extend the classical Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt (PBW) theorem to higher algebra by establishing a version that applies to spectral Lie algebras. We deduce this statement from a basic relation between operads in spectra: the commutative operad is the quotient of the associative ope...

Seed Biopriming for Climate Stress Resilience: Molecular, Physiological, and Epigenetic Mechanisms

The mutualistic association between plants and their seed-associated microbiota has emerged as a key determinant of crop productivity, influencing plant nutrition, immunity, and tolerance to abiotic stress. Seed biopriming, the controlled application of beneficial microorganisms...