Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal

Systematic review of clinical trials and cohort studies evaluating HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens to inform updated Canadian guidelines

Abstract Background We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials and cohort studies on HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens to inform updated 2025 Canadian guidelines. Methods We searched Medline and Embase (July 2017–June 2024) for studies reporting on: HIV acquis...

Ultraprocessed Food Intake and Adiposity, Vascular Brain Injury, and Cognition in Middle-Aged Adults

Importance Ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) account for a substantial and increasing proportion of dietary intake in Canada. Although UPFs are consistently associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic disease, their associations with subclinical vascular brain injury (VBI) and cognit...

Sex work or male-with-male sexual activity and the risks of HIV and hepatitis C acquisition among people who inject drugs: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

Background People who inject drugs (PWID) may engage in sexual behaviours that increase their HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk, including sex work and male-with-male sexual activity. We undertook a global systematic review to assess whether PWID who engage in these behaviours...

Use of Telestroke Prior to Endovascular Stroke Treatment in Canada: Results from the OPTIMISE Registry

BACKGROUND: Telestroke allows rapid assessment of acute stroke patients for intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). While its safety and efficacy for thrombolysis are well established, evidence regarding EVT decision-making via telestroke is scarce. METHODS:...

TEAD4 Regulates apical domain homeostasis and cell-positioning to maintain the trophectoderm lineage during mouse blastocyst development

Abstract In mammalian preimplantation embryos, distinct cell lineages occupy defined spatial niches. The outer trophectoderm (TE) forms an epithelial monolayer surrounding the inner cell mass (ICM) and blastocyst cavity. In mice, the Tead4 gene encodes a polarity-dependent transc...

Transarterial embolization in musculoskeletal care: an indication-stratified narrative review

Abstract Background Transarterial embolization (TAE) is increasingly used across a broad spectrum of musculoskeletal conditions, ranging from established hemostatic and tumor-related indications to emerging pain-directed procedures for degenerative joint disease and chronic infla...

Clinical Improvement, No Improvement, and Worsening at 24 Hours Following Reperfusion in Patients With Stroke due to Large-Vessel Occlusion

BACKGROUND: Restoring blood flow to ischemic tissue is the cornerstone of acute stroke therapy and is usually beneficial. However, when reperfusion is achieved for severely injured tissue, it is often futile and may occasionally cause harm. We aim to determine the prevalence and...

Towards culturally safe holistic healthcare for Indigenous peoples experiencing homelessness in Montréal: a mixed-methods study among healthcare professionals

Indigenous peoples in Canada (Inuit, First Nations, and Métis) navigate adversity through family, community and cultural reconnection to better cope with ongoing colonialism. Structural factors have led to disproportionate levels of poverty and homelessness, particularly in urban...

Translation Landscape of Corneal Endothelial Tissue Engineering: A Scoping Review

Background Corneal endothelial dysfunction is a leading cause of global blindness. The main treatment is full keratoplasty, for which access is limited due to the worldwide shortage of tissue donors. Corneal tissue engineering has shown significant progress, yet there are still c...

Might cannabis Legalization Have Affected Public Health-Relevant Alcohol- and Tobacco-use Outcomes in Canada?

Canada legalized the non-medical use and supply of cannabis in 2018. The public health-relevant outcomes of cannabis legalization documented to date have been mixed, with decreases in cannabis-related crime and illegal distribution markets, while with increases for many – acute a...

Novel therapies for refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases in which interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent extra-muscular manifestation and a major driver of morbidity and mortality. ILD occurs most commonly in antisynthetase syn...

Contemporary Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease Outcomes: A Multicentre National Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Background and Objective This study determined contemporary transplant‐free survival in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD), identified baseline factors associated with death or transplant, and assessed performance of the ILD‐GAP (Gender, Age, Physiology) index in a...

Reflex seizures and epilepsy surgery: A network approach case‐based exploration

Abstract Context Reflex seizures (RS) are defined by their consistent provocation by specific stimuli, encompassing a broad range from elementary sensory inputs to complex cognitive tasks. While RS are often encountered in clinical practice, their surgical management remains spar...

Uncovering scleromyositis: no myth, just missed

Purpose of review Scleromyositis (SM), the muscle-specific manifestation of scleroderma, is increasingly recognized as a distinct myositis subset, yet it remains poorly captured by existing classification criteria and absent from therapeutic guidelines. This review provides recen...

Localized brain delivery of drugs via focused ultrasound-responsive bi-layer nanobubbles

Focused ultrasound (FUS) in combination with micro- or nanobubbles is a promising strategy for transiently and non-invasively opening the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to enable targeted drug delivery to the brain. Here, we report a FUS-responsive delivery system using bi-layer nanob...

Developing a scalable pipeline for data extraction from clinical letters through resource-efficient prompt engineering

<title>Abstract</title> Free-text clinical records represent an untapped wealth of data for secondary use. Their potential is limited by resource demands necessary for accurate information extraction at scale. We introduce a scalable, resource-efficient, and high-performance pipe...

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy vs Moderately Hypofractionated IMRT for Localized Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer

Importance The treatment of prostate cancer with radiotherapy is evolving. How quickly radiotherapy can be delivered, and the relative risks and benefits of such a treatment, is of significant public interest. Objective To determine whether stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) w...

Gynecological complications following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and clinical management recommendations: a scoping review protocol

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has become a curative treatment option for many hematological disorders. However, female recipients face unique challenges related to their reproductive and gynecological health that are often overlooked in clinical practice and...

SDHC c.397C&gt;T- Related Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: Insights from an International Study

BACKGROUND: The SDHC c.397C>T (p.Arg133Ter) germline pathogenic variant is present in over 40% of mutation-positive paragangliomas in French-Canadian patients, supporting a founder effect. We aimed to characterize pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) associated with this...

Non-enzymatic hepatic ABHD6 interacts with Akt-FoxO1 axis to regulate metabolic health

The enzymatic role of ABHD6 in insulin secretion and resistance is well documented. However, its non-enzymatic function, especially its effects on metabolic health, including selective hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)...