California Maritime Academy

Spillover transmission and return connectedness in the post-IMO 2020 ERA global VLSFO bunker market: Evidence from the Diebold–Yılmaz framework

This study examined return connectedness and spillover transmission among ten major VLSFO bunker hubs in the post-IMO 2020 era. Using daily log return data from 12 June 2023 to 12 June 2026 and the Diebold–Yılmaz connectedness framework, the study identified the system-wide, dire...

Modeling infectious disease dynamics on cruise ships: an enhanced SIR framework with risk index assessment

<title>Abstract</title> Cruise ships, with their dense populations and constant passenger movement, presenthighly dynamic conditions for the spread of infectious diseases. Although strict healthprotocols and monitoring systems are widely implemented, their operational effectivene...