BC Children's Hospital

Systematic review of clinical trials and cohort studies evaluating HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens to inform updated Canadian guidelines

Abstract Background We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials and cohort studies on HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens to inform updated 2025 Canadian guidelines. Methods We searched Medline and Embase (July 2017–June 2024) for studies reporting on: HIV acquis...

Preterm Risk Factors, Epigenetic Age, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Importance Studies examining biological factors associated with neurodevelopment in the preterm population are limited. It was previously demonstrated that epigenetic age acceleration was associated with better neurodevelopmental outcomes among children born preterm. It is unclea...

Ketogenic Diet Therapy for Children and Youth With Epilepsy: Caregiver Perspectives and Experiences at Longer-Term Follow-up

This study examines caregiver perspectives on ketogenic diet (KD) therapy for children with drug-resistant epilepsy, focusing on experiences and children's eating habits after discontinuation. Fifteen caregivers in the KD group and twelve in a comparison group who were not treate...

Early-life microbiota direct an epithelial S100 program required for neonatal immunity

Despite appreciation that neonatal immune responses differ markedly from those of adults, the mechanisms that enable early-life immunity remain poorly understood. Here, we find that healthy newborn mice express high concentrations of the S100 calcium-binding protein A8/A9 (S100A8...

A global study of novel agents in paediatric and adolescent relapsed and refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (Glo-BNHL): protocol for an adaptive international platform clinical trial

The second Paediatric Strategy Forum of the international multi-stakeholder organisation, ACCELERATE (Nov-2017), concluded that an international approach to conducting clinical trials in relapsed and refractory paediatric B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (r/r B-NHL) was critical and t...

EXPRESS: Association between Neurovascular Network Dysfunction and Poor Sleep Quality in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

BACKGROUND/HYPOTHESIS: Poor sleep quality is frequently reported among patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), but its neurovascular correlates remain unclear. We examined exploratory associations between multidomain neurovascular network (NVN) measures and poor sleep...

Perspectives of patients and families impacted by developmental dysplasia of the hip

Purpose Knowledge translation (KT) ensures that the appropriate stakeholders, including patients and care providers are aware of and utilize research evidence to inform health decision-making. This is significant for those affected by developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), as...

Cross-platform Bayesian deconvolution of MeDIP-seq reveals tissue-specific and cancer-associated methylation signatures

Abstract DNA methylation profiling of cell-free DNA is increasingly used for tissue-of-origin analysis and cancer detection, but quantitative interpretation of enrichment-based sequencing data remains a major challenge. MeDIP-seq provides scalable, cost-effective profiling of low...

Impact of post‐chemotherapy classification on outcomes in stage III and IV unilateral favorable histology Wilms tumor: Pooled data from Children’s Oncology Group AREN0532, AREN0533, and AREN03B2 studies

Abstract Background Improvements in therapy for patients with favorable histology Wilms tumor (FHWT) have relied on refinement of risk stratification for therapeutic assignment through identification of favorable and unfavorable prognostic factors. Although well established in In...

Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Related Hospitalizations Among Infants Receiving Nirsevimab

Importance Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization among infants. Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody that protects against severe RSV, was publicly funded for all infants in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec starting in the fa...

Increased Energy Expenditure through Intermittent Cold Exposure Does Not Enhance Tirzepatide Induced Weight-loss in Obese Mice

Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. While pharmacological approaches such as tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, reduce food intake and body weight, enhancing energy expenditure via intermittent cold exposure–induced activat...

Quality and concordance of international paediatric sepsis guidelines: a cross-sectional appraisal from the SENTINEL International study

Objectives To evaluate the methodological quality of hospital-specific paediatric sepsis clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) from sites participating in an international study using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool and to assess the consi...

Substance use and co-occurring mental health conditions among adolescents and young adults in North America: a systematic review

Abstract Background Substance use and co-occurring mental health conditions are common among adolescents and young adults and represent an important clinical and public health concern in North America. Trauma exposure, psychiatric symptoms, and social adversity frequently co-occu...

Piloting 3D technologies as a surgical simulation suite for patient-specific cochlear implantation surgeries in pediatrics

Abstract Background: Cochlear implants (CIs) help restore hearing in patients with severe to profound hearing loss. High-fidelity simulation tools may enhance surgical preparedness, patient safety, and training opportunities. This study validates the use of patient-specific 3D mo...

Dr. Tsai et al reply

We appreciate the interest of Drs. Wang and Qu¹ in our work,² and their call for more family-friendly metrics to help convey meaningful quality of life improvements in juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( JIA). After considering the different ideas suggested in t...

A process evaluation of a randomized clinical trial of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in ventilated adults admitted to intensive care: the SuDDICU PE study

The SuDDICU trial evaluated the effectiveness of selective digestive decontamination (SDD), a prophylactic antibiotic regimen comprising oral, gastric and intravenous (IV) components in ventilated adults admitted to intensive care. The trial recruited 9289 participants in 26 clus...

Early‐Life Dietary Protein Source Reshapes Gut Microbiota but Fails to Curtail Diet‐Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Young Rats

OBJECTIVE: Dairy consumption plays a protective role in obesity that may be mediated through the gut microbiota. This study examined the role of dairy proteins, casein, whey, and complete dairy (skim milk powder), and a plant-based alternative, soy, on gut microbiota composition,...

Morphology-based screening for sickle cell disease using low-cost automated microscopy and machine learning

Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia are the most common monogenic diseases, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries, where low-cost and accurate diagnostic tools are needed to reduce the global disease burden. Although the sickling test is c...

Frailty and Surgical Invasiveness Are Independently Associated with Complications in Pediatric Spinal Deformity Surgery

Background: The purposes of this study were to determine whether frailty and surgical invasiveness are independently associated with perioperative outcomes and to describe the outcome rates when these 2 risk domains are considered together in pediatric patients undergoing spinal...

Exploring Training Needs to Facilitate Shared Decision Making in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Symptom Management and the Use of the JIA Option Map

Objectives Our team developed the JIA Option Map, a web-based patient decision aid (PDA) designed to support shared decision-making (SDM) for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) symptom management. Since training for health care providers (HCP) can enhance SDM and the use of PDAs...