Barcelona Supercomputing Center

Optical properties and shape-dependent retrievals of the imaginary part of the refractive index of freshly emitted Saharan dust

Abstract. Mineral dust is a major contributor to atmospheric aerosols and plays a complex role in Earth’s radiation budget. However, large uncertainties remain in quantifying its direct radiative effects (DRE), primarily due to poorly constrained absorption properties. Most estim...

Pneumococcal population structure influences the effects of air pollution on invasive disease risk in South Africa

Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae is highly diverse, comprising over 100 serotypes and hundreds of genomic lineages amid widespread vaccination. While it can cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) which exhibits pronounced seasonal spikes, the interplay between pneumococcal di...

Protein Language Model Embeddings Recover Evolutionary and Functional Organization Across the Ras Superfamily

Abstract The Ras protein superfamily comprises small GTPases that share a conserved G-domain but differ in flanking regions, regulation, and cellular roles. Because existing classifications rely mainly on G-domain phylogeny, this superfamily provides a useful test case for assess...

Quantifying atmospheric and land drivers of hot temperature extremes through explainable Artificial Intelligence

Abstract. Different drivers have been shown to play a central role in modulating the occurrence and intensity of summer temperature extremes, yet their individual contributions remain difficult to quantify. In this study, we develop an explainable machine‐learning framework to di...

Characterization of diseases in temporal comorbidity networks

Comorbidity networks, or disease-disease networks, represent relationships between diseases and can reveal non-random disease associations and multimorbidity structure. These patterns reflect shared pathophysiology, diagnostic pathways, and risk of adverse outcomes. Using large-s...

Spurious Drifts in the ITCZ Location and Associated Atmospheric Circulation in Decadal Climate Predictions

Abstract Decadal predictions are affected by initialization shocks and drift, typically diagnosed in ocean circulation or temperature. It is not known, however, to what extent the drift can affect atmospheric dynamics. Here we investigate how the drift causes spatial shifts in th...

Perplexity as a metric for isoform diversity in the human transcriptome

-an interpretable measure derived from entropy-that quantifies the effective number of isoforms per gene based on the full, unfiltered isoform ratio distribution. Calculating perplexity for 124 ENCODE4 PacBio LRS datasets spanning 55 human cell types, we show that it provides int...

CAMS-REG-UNC-v8.1: a detailed uncertainty product for the gridded CAMS-REG-v8.1 emission inventory

Abstract. Independent verification of greenhouse gas emission reductions and trends in air pollution levels is receiving increasing attention. Atmospheric observations can provide such a constraint on emission estimates through inverse modelling, which requires a detailed quantif...

Greenland's Topography Triggers Cyclogenesis: Synergy Between Lee Cyclogenesis and Jet Streak

Abstract Arctic cyclones play a crucial role in shaping Arctic weather patterns and influencing sea ice concentrations. During the Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition in April 2020, an Arctic cyclone was observed at the leeside of Gre...

Experimental evidence and consequences of biomolecular corona formation on inhaled mRNA lipid nanoparticles

Abstract Inhalable messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics are moving pulmonary drug delivery from local deposition of small molecules toward transient, programmable expression of antigens, secreted proteins, antibodies, gene-editing enzymes and replacement proteins directly within the...