Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology

Selective profiling of translationally active tRNAs and their dynamics under stress

ABSTRACT During translation, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) deliver specific amino acids to the ribosome in a coordinated manner with the sequence encoded by the mRNA. Despite their central role in protein synthesis, their precise contribution to the modulation of translation remains poor...

Prediction of high-flow nasal cannula failure in COVID-19 acute hypoxemic respiratory failure using combined clinical and metabolomic data: a machine learning study

Background High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is widely used as first-line non-invasive respiratory support in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF), particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, HFNC failure remains frequent, and delayed intubation is associated with wors...

Certified bounds on optimization problems in quantum theory

Semidefinite relaxations of polynomial optimization have become a central tool for addressing the non-convex optimization problems over non-commutative operators that are ubiquitous in quantum information theory and, more in general, quantum physics. Yet, as these global relaxati...

1000 cataclysmic variables identified from DESI spectroscopy

Abstract Most cataclysmic variables (CVs) are discovered when they have an outburst generating an inherent selection bias against CVs that rarely, or never, outburst. CVs discovered by virtue of their spectroscopic characteristics are particularly valuable to offset this bias and...

AB-DB v2.0: an integrated chemoinformatic resource for antimicrobial compounds

Abstract Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to public health and calls for chemoinformatic tools that can help the design of antibacterial discovery libraries. We present AB-DB v2.0, a freely available online database of molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories, quantum-mechanic...

Dark energy: the cost of function in protein evolution

The evolutionary fate of proteins is driven by both folding stability and biological function, dual constraints that often conflict, creating frustration and imposing functional costs beyond stability. These costs can be captured by a ‘dark energy’: the difference between the evo...

Identification of expressed endogenous retroviral element associated long terminal repeats in devil facial tumour cells

Abstract The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) population has undergone a major decline in the wild owing to the epidemics of two transmissible cancers known as devil facial tumours (DFT1 and DFT2). A multipronged conservation strategy is in place, but a vaccine that prevent...

CRB3 and ARP2/3 regulate cell biomechanical properties to set epithelial monolayers for collective movement

Several cellular processes during morphogenesis, tissue healing or cancer progression involve collective cell migration. To set the cells for motion, there is an initial breaking of organization of the epithelial tissue that modifies the epithelial phenotype and axis of polarity....

Ag─S Sites Steer Furfural Electroreduction to Furfuryl Alcohol

ABSTRACT The electrochemical upgrading of furfural (FF), a biomass‐derived platform molecule, using renewable electricity offers a promising route toward green and sustainable chemical synthesis. However, achieving high selectivity toward hydrogenated products, such as furfuryl a...

Near-atomistic simulations reveal the molecular principles that control chromatin structure and phase separation

Abstract Understanding how chromatin’s physicochemical properties shape its emergent organization is central to deciphering genome function. To address this, we present OpenCGChromatin, a high-performance coarse-grained model that achieves near-atomistic simulations of chromatin...

Ag─S Sites Steer Furfural Electroreduction to Furfuryl Alcohol

ABSTRACT The electrochemical upgrading of furfural (FF), a biomass‐derived platform molecule, using renewable electricity offers a promising route toward green and sustainable chemical synthesis. However, achieving high selectivity toward hydrogenated products, such as furfuryl a...

Spinor Bose-Einstein condensate as an analog simulator of molecular bending vibrations

We demonstrate that spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) can be operated as an analog simulator of the two-dimensional vibron model. This algebraic model describes bending vibrations of molecules and, in the case of triatomic molecules, exhibits two phases where linear and ben...

Oxygen Management in Ruthenium–Cerium Anode Facilitates Water Adsorption and Bubble Desorption for Oxygen Evolution at High Current Densities

Abstract The production of hydrogen via acidic water electrolysis requires efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at high current densities. However, this is often limited by oxygen bubble accumulation, which blocks active sites and restricts water access. Although bubble rele...

Genome-wide analysis of social behaviour across social domains, reporters and developmental stages: a meta-regression approach

Abstract Social behaviour is a heritable trait linked to well-being and mental health, yet it varies across social context, including social domains, informants and development, which may shape its underlying genomic architecture. Here, we conducted a genome-wide meta-regression...

The chromomagnetic moment of a heavy quark with hyperasymptotic precision

A bstract We determine the normalization of the leading infrared renormalon of the chromomagnetic moment of a heavy quark. Estimates of higher order coefficients of the perturbative series are given. We compute the hyperfine splitting of the B and D mesons for the ground state wi...

J-PAS: Semisupervised Sim-to-Obs Transfer for Robust Star–Galaxy–Quasar Classification

Abstract Modern astrophysics and cosmology increasingly rely on simulations and cross-survey analyses, yet differences in instrumentation, calibration, and modeling introduce distribution mismatches between simulated and observed datasets (domain shift). This occurs when the join...

Techno-economic feasibility of offshore wind-based ammonia production for La Guajira, North Sea, and Gulf of Roses

This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of offshore wind-based ammonia production in 2035 and 2050. A pseudo-dynamic modeling framework with capacity optimization is applied to three offshore sites in Colombia, Denmark, and Spain using long-term wind data to capture...