Arak University

Thermal regulation of phenological development in karonda (Carissa carandas L.) based on an extended BBCH scale

This study provides the first integrated phenological and thermal time framework for karonda ( Carissa carandas L.) using the extended BBCH scale. Karonda is an underutilized evergreen fruit crop valued for its adaptability to marginal environments; however, standardized informat...

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Iranian cereal products using ICP-AES and a hybrid machine learning framework

<title>Abstract</title> This study assesses the health risk associated with heavy metal contamination in 13 commonly consumed cereal-based products (11 pasta brands, Ash-Novin pasta, and wheat germ powder) from Arak, Iran. Concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg...