Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Wałcz

A Five-State Markov Reliability Model for GEO Satellites with Sequential Degradation, Sudden Critical Transitions, and Functional Restoration

Long-term GEO satellite operation requires reliability models that distinguish full mission capability from degraded but still functional states and from critical functional loss. This study develops a five-state Markov reliability model in which states S0–S4 represent successive...