Academia Oamenilor de Știință din România

Integrated Biorefineries for Food Waste and Food-Processing Side Streams Through Feedstock-Oriented Design and Sustainable Process Integration

Food waste represents a renewable carbon resource with considerable potential for the production of bioenergy, platform chemicals, biomaterials, and other high-value products within integrated biorefinery systems. However, the heterogeneous composition of food waste, together wit...

Exploring Romanian Misinformation with GraphRAG: Community-Level Narratives of COVID-19

Predefined thematic taxonomies can obscure how misinformation narratives emerge, overlap, and change over time. One way to address this limitation is by developing bottom-up data-driven approaches that identify narratives directly from data. We present a pipeline that extracts en...

Food, Dietary Supplement, and Gut Microbiome Interactions in Oral Anticancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Clinical Consequences, and Management

BACKGROUND: The shift toward oral targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncology has introduced pharmacokinetic variability driven by food-drug interactions (FDIs), which can cause therapeutic failure or increased toxicity. AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY: FDI effect...

Enhanced Bread Shelf Life Using Carboxymethyl Cellulose Composite Films with Combined Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide and Cinnamon Essential Oil

Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer and is widely used in the packaging industry. One of the primary functions of food packaging is to protect food products from spoilage and extend their shelf life. Although cellulose lacks inherent antimicrobial activity, this limita...

Detectable, Task-Relevant, or Harmful? Construct-Valid Evaluation of Unlabeled Distribution-Shift Monitoring in Chest Radiography

Distribution-shift alarms do not establish classifier harm. We evaluated the detectability, frozen-head relevance, and performance deterioration of two public DenseNet-121 chest-radiography classifiers under 30 controlled image conditions. Signals covered pixels, 64-component PCA...

Signed Enumeration of Partitions with Exactly k Distinct Magnitudes of Odd Multiplicity

Abstract We introduce and study a family of q -series $$\{A_k(q)\}_{k\ge 0}$$ { A k ( q ) } k ≥ 0 arising from partitions whose distinct parts occur with odd multiplicities. Starting from their finite truncations $$A_{k,m}(q)$$ A k , m ( q ) , we derive several exact formulas exp...

The two-block odd partition function

Abstract We investigate arithmetic and combinatorial properties of the function a ( n ), which is the signed number of partitions of n into exactly two distinct part sizes, each occurring an odd number of times. We prove that $$a(n)\ge 0$$ a ( n ) ≥ 0 for all n , establishing a p...

Nonsmooth KKT-type optimality and duality for multiobjective fractional bilevel optimization via tangential subdifferentials

This paper studies a class of nondifferentiable multiobjective fractional bilevel optimization problems. Under suitable nonsmooth constraint qualifications, necessary optimality conditions of the Karush– Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) type are established using tangential subdifferentials. Su...

Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Romania and South-Eastern Europe: A Multilingual Narrative Review of Pandemic-Era Trajectories, 2020–2025

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is the pathogen driving the deterioration of the European antimicrobial resistance landscape, and the burden falls disproportionately on Romania and South-Eastern Europe. The objective of this review was to synthesise evidence pub...

Interventions to Reduce Antibiotic Prescribing in Small Animal Veterinary Practice: Evidence and Clinical Impact

Antimicrobial resistance represents a major One Health challenge affecting human, animal, and environmental health, and responsible antimicrobial use in companion animal medicine has become increasingly important. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on antimicrobia...

The Asylum Seeker as a Jurisdictional Anomaly: Jurisdictional Filtering and the Reconfiguration of Protection in European Union Asylum Law

European Union asylum law increasingly relies on preliminary procedural mechanisms that may affect whether, where, and through which procedure a protection claim is examined on its merits. This article examines the cumulative significance of responsibility allocation, inadmissibi...

Malignancies in horseshoe kidneys: an updated review

Out of over 4000 available studies about horseshoe kidney (HSK), we selected 89 representative articles that emphasized the most common genetic lesions and tumors that can occur in these patients. Renal cell carcinomas, carcinomas of the urothelial tract, and Wilms tumor are the...

Cellulose acetate nanocomposite membranes for efficient textile dye removal

Abstract Large-scale dye discharge from the textile industry remains a major environmental concern, with substantial quantities released into wastewater streams each year. In this research, cellulose acetate (CA) nanocomposite membranes incorporating layered double hydroxides (LD...

Overcoming the Biomechanical Limitations of Titanium–Zirconia Dental Implants: Rationale for a Novel Ti-PEEK-Zr Tri-Layered Concept

Background: The clinical success of modern dental implants requires a balance between mechanical endurance and aesthetic integration. While titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) provides a reliable load-bearing core, yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) is frequently preferred for...

Responsible Clinical AI in Dentistry: Trust, Professional Autonomy, and Perceptions of Accountability Across Stakeholders in Romania—A Multidisciplinary Cross-Sectional Survey

Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is entering clinical dentistry more quickly than the professional, ethical, and regulatory frameworks intended to govern it. Responsible implementation depends not only on diagnostic performance but on trust, professional autono...

Molecular profiling of thalassemia in Southeastern Romania

Abstract Background Thalassemias represent a major group of hereditary hemoglobin disorders with significant global health impact, yet molecular data from Eastern European populations, particularly from Romania, remain limited. Purpose This study was aimed at comprehensively char...

From Stable Traits to Dynamic Mechanisms: An Integrative Conceptual Model of Personality and Criminogenic Cognitions in the Incarcerated Population

Criminal behavior has been explained through multiple theoretical frameworks developed independently, including general personality models (FPI, Big Five, HEXACO), maladaptive configurations (Dark Triad/Tetrad, psychopathy), and criminogenic cognitions. However, integrated analys...

Twenty-Five Years of Human Urinary Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins: Analytical Advances and Applications in Risk Assessment

Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that have continuously attracted research interest, both for their potential negative effects on animal and human health and for the economic losses they entail. Studies assessing exposure to mycotoxins have become increasingly widespre...

Modulation of Caffeine-Induced Behavioral Alterations by N-Acetylcysteine in a Pharmacological Challenge Model

Background: Caffeine is a widely consumed psychostimulant that may affect anxiety-like, aggression-like, and social behaviors, potentially in association with oxidative imbalance. Objectives: This study evaluated the behavioral and biochemical effects of acute caffeine exposure i...

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Clinical Outcomes and Biomechanical Considerations of Graft Selection—A Narrative Review

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction represents the current gold standard for restoring knee stability following ligament rupture, particularly in young and physically active individuals. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an updated overview of the biomech...