Zhu Qi

The Landscape of Biomarkers in ICU ‐Associated AKI : From Protein Markers to Cell‐Free Nucleic Acids

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects approximately 30%-60% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, but early detection remains difficult because creatinine- and urine-output-based KDIGO criteria are delayed and confounded in critical illness. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the...