Zhirong Wang

Thermal runaway jet flames of lithium iron phosphate batteries under inclined ceilings: Flame dynamics, ceiling thermal exposure, and safety evaluation

Battery thermal runaway fires in ceiling-confined spaces can generate jet flames, ceiling impingement, attached flame propagation, and enhanced thermal feedback. The effects of state of charge (SOC) and ceiling inclination angle ( θ ) on the thermal runaway (TR) behavior and jet...