Zheng Shen Gan

Sustainable ethyl levulinate production from oil palm empty fruit bunch: Integrated techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment

Environmental concerns regarding non-renewable energy sources have driven a critical shift towards sustainable bio-based chemical production methods. Among these, the conversion of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) to ethyl levulinate (EL) offers a low-toxic, biodegradable, high-p...