Zenas C. Chao

Joint encoding of “what” and “when” predictions through error-modulated plasticity in biologically plausible spiking networks

The brain anticipates future events using internal models that specify not only what will occur, but also when it will occur and with what probability. We refer to this joint specification of identity, timing, and likelihood as a complete prediction object. Existing computational...

Acetylcholine enhances deviance detection in Hodgkin-Huxley neuronal networks

Abstract The brain’s ability to detect unexpected events, deviance detection (DD), is critical for survival. While DD has been computationally explained by synaptic plasticity, the role of neuromodulators like acetylcholine (ACh) remains less understood. Here, we examine how ACh...