Yiping Cao

Destructive authority over online-game assets: Conditional access and platform-mediated harm

Online-game losses span contract, tort, consumer-law and computer-access doctrines across distinct legal relationships. This article asks how law should characterise and remedy destructive interference with virtual assets when technical access, contractual control or system-enabl...

Branching regulatory biographies of GPT-4 and DeepSeek-R1: A BOAP-informed analysis of regulatory reachability in the European Union, the United States and China

Using a documentary biography informed by Biographies of Artefacts and Practices (BOAP), this article traces how branches of GPT-4 and DeepSeek-R1 became reachable through regulatory pathways in the European Union, United States and China. Drawing on 132 documentary observations,...