Yasuo Kawakami

3D ultrasonography reveals a twisted proximal aponeurosis within the biceps femoris long head

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to characterize three-dimensional course and orientation of the proximal aponeurosis of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and examine whether local aponeurosis orientations vary with knee-joint angle and relate to fascicle architecture under pa...

Comparison of different approaches to assess fascicle length using 3D ultrasound with cadaveric dissection as a reference for the human biceps femoris long head

Abstract Purpose The biceps femoris long head (BFlh) has a complex architecture, posing challenges for accurately assessing its fascicle length. This study compared four 3D ultrasound (3DUS)-based methods for estimating mid-belly BFlh fascicle length in human cadavers (n = 6 legs...