Yang An^

Combined small-cell lung carcinoma with dual false-negative diagnosis on preoperative biopsy and intraoperative frozen section: a case report highlighting sampling bias pitfalls

Abstract Background Combined small‑cell lung carcinoma (C‑SCLC) is a rare heterogeneous lung malignancy prone to sampling‑related diagnostic errors. Limited tissue from percutaneous biopsy or intraoperative frozen sections may only capture inflammatory stroma instead of biphasic...