Xing Xu

Tool Wear and Failure Prediction in Machining Difficult-to-Machine Materials: A Review of Monitoring, Modeling, and Intelligent Manufacturing Technologies

Difficult-to-machine materials, including titanium alloys, nickel-based superalloys, hardened and high-strength steels, stainless steels, and fiber-reinforced composites, are widely used in advanced manufacturing but impose severe thermo-mechanical–chemical loads on cutting tools...