Wilson Boyd

Disruption, Recovery, and Divergence: How Prepandemic Achievement Levels Shaped Learning Loss, Recovery, and Spending Efficiency in Tennessee Public High Schools

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant and uneven learning loss in Tennessee public high schools. The statewide ACT composite average fell from 20.2 in 2019 to 19.1 in 2021. By 2024-2025, it recovered only to 19.3. During the same period, Tennessee received approximately $3.86...