Valentina Sciabbarrasi

Pushing using real-time sonographic ultrasound education (PURSUE): A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Introduction Maternal expulsive force is a key determinant of fetal head descent during the active second stage of labour. Pushing is most effective when abdominal muscle contraction is synchronised with relaxation of the levator ani muscle, thereby widening the pelvic hiatus. Tr...