Umesh Bhattarai

Pneumococcal hydrogen peroxide production is associated with epithelial and pulmonary immune responses during pneumonia

Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) produces substantial amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a metabolic byproduct with cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects. Although pneumococcal H₂O₂ has been implicated in pathogenesis, its contribution to pulmonary immune res...