Toru Nishi

Retrograde carotid fat pad flip method for carotid exposure during carotid endarterectomy

Background: Exposure of the distal internal carotid artery (ICA) during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) can be challenging in anatomically difficult cases. We present the retrograde carotid fat pad (CFP) flip method, a cranial-first, layer-oriented exposure strategy based on preserv...