T.O.

Probability as Translation, Not a Property of Nature: The Born Rule and the Deterministic Core of the Schrödinger Equation

This paper relocates the Schrödinger equation, the Born probability rule, and the definiteness of experience from a single undifferentiated account into two layers: a deterministic structural layer (Tier-2) and a translation layer (Tier-3), the layer of commutative, analytic, cla...

The Intellect as the Dynamics of Question and Answer: Why the Answer Can Be Outsourced to LLMs but the Question Cannot

Large language models (LLMs) return fluent and often correct answers, and with them comes the fear that something in them asks, decides and pursues. This paper asks what, in the use of an LLM, is actually handed over to the machine, and what cannot be. The answer is structural. T...

Permanent Operational Cosmology: Structural Reconstruction of Cosmology from M3(C) in the Zero-Parameter Paradigm

The standard cosmological model (ΛCDM) postulates a Big Bang singularity, an inflationary epoch, dark matter, dark energy, and a cosmological constant, each introduced as independent hypotheses to resolve observational discrepancies. We introduce Permanent Operational Cosmology (...

Permanent Operational Cosmology: Structural Reconstruction of Cosmology from M3(C) in the Zero-Parameter Paradigm

The standard cosmological model (ΛCDM) postulates a Big Bang singularity, an inflationary epoch, dark matter, dark energy, and a cosmological constant, each introduced as independent hypotheses to resolve observational discrepancies. We introduce Permanent Operational Cosmology (...