Ting Hu

Preoperative fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio and prediction of muscle-invasive and locally advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma: development and internal temporal validation of a nomogram

Preoperative staging of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) relies on cross-sectional imaging and ureteroscopic biopsy, both with recognised limitations for predicting muscle invasion. We compared the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) with four other inflammation–nutrition in...