Tie Liu

Vegetation structural change and carbon–water functional responses across arid Central Asia: spatiotemporal patterns and environmental associations

Anthropogenic climate change is intensifying ecological stress in arid Central Asia, where vegetation structure and carbon–water-related functional responses are strongly constrained by water availability and atmospheric demand. Yet structural greening does not necessarily imply...

Debris Flow Susceptibility Mapping Using Explainable Deep Learning in Eastern Hindukush Pakistan

ABSTRACT Debris flows are among the most destructive geomorphological hazards in mountainous regions, causing damage to human settlements, infrastructure and ecosystems. The Eastern Hindu Kush region of Pakistan is particularly vulnerable due to steep topography, intense monsoona...