Thomas Gangale

The Charter of the United Martian States: A Proposed Constitution for the Future Settlements on Mars

Abstract This document presents a complete constitutional framework for a future human society on Mars. The Charter of the United Martian States is a confederative instrument designed for a small, dispersed, high-risk frontier environment in which sovereign constituent polities v...

The Martian Accords: Principles for the Orderly Transition from Dependent Outposts and Colonies to Sovereign City-States on Mars

The Martian Accords set forth non-binding political commitments to guide the orderly transition of human settlements on Mars from terrestrial-dependent outposts and colonies to sovereign city-states within a voluntary confederal framework. Reaffirming the Outer Space Treaty and c...

Alliance Theory: Balancing, Bandwagoning, and Détente

Stephen M. Walt’s “balance-of-threat” theory of alliance formation (1988) is examined as a focus theory. Walt’s theory is compared with a Kenneth A. Waltz’s “balance-of-power” as a supporting theory (1979), and supporting evidence for the focus theory is presented. Then, Walt’s t...