Thomas Conrad

Human hair–bearing skin organoids reveal cell type–specific susceptibility and innate immune responses to herpes simplex virus 1

Epithelial surfaces are the primary sites of lytic herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection following initial exposure or reactivation from latency. To model this complex environment, we used human hair–bearing skin organoids and combined single-cell spatial transcriptomics with...

Epithelial NF-κB shapes protective Treg cell responses to restrain intestinal inflammation

Abstract Inflammation resolution depends on coordinated communication between tissue compartments, yet how the intestinal epithelium shapes its immune microenvironment remains poorly understood. Here, using colonic biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and mouse mod...